Jabea f



(No Model.)

No. 417,516. Y.

lululhklllnmmlllll 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. J. F. SHAWHAN. ARG LAMP.

Patented Dec. 17, 1889.

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15 lllliz: i

'Illllllllll N. PETERS. Pnnwumuguvlmr. wnshmgmn, n. C.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

PatentedDeo. 17, 1889.

J. P. SHAWHMI.l

ARG LAMP.

N; PUERE. PhmulLinmgra'pher. washington. D. 0.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JABEA F. SHAVHAN, OF DAYTON, OI-IIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JAMES W. CARPENTER, OF SAME PLACE.

ARC LAM P.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 417,516, dated December 17, 1889.

Application filed March Z3, 1888. Serial No. 268,267. (No model.)

To all whom t may concern,.-

Be it known that I, J ABEA F. SHAWHAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Lamps, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to electric-arc lamps, and more especially to that class of arc lamps xo known as focusing-lamps, wherein the arc is maintained at one specific point; and the object of my invent-ion is to produce a lamp which is simple and compact in construction, positive and regular in operation, and that is not liable to get out of order when subjected to jars or disturbances, so that the lamp is adapted, among other things, for use as locomot-ive or other head-lights and the invention consists in the combinations and arrangezo vments of devices, substantially as hereinafter more particularly pointed out, whereby I am enabled to attain such objects.

Referring to the accompanying drawings for a better description of my invention, Figz 5 ure 1 is a top plan View of a lamp embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a partial side view, partly in section. ively plan and side views of a detail. Figs. 5 and 6 are respectively plan and side views 3o of a motor which is adapted to operate with my lamp. Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic representation of the circuits of said lamp. Fig. S is a Vplan view of another lamp embodying the essential principles of my invention. Fig. 9 is a vertical section thereof. Fig. 10 is a section of the negative electrode, and Fig. 11 is a side view showing one way of using my lamp in connection with the reflector of an ordinary head-light.

In constructing a focusing-lamp I have found it desirable to make use of a non-consuming negative electrode, which is fixed in any desired manner with relation to the lamp and to the movable electrode, and in the drawings, as in Fig. 2, I have shown the negative electrode 1 as supported upon a bracket 2, secured to the case or frame 3, which supports or incloses the operative mechanism of the lamp. The movable or positive electrode 4 is secured in a moving carrier 5, which may Figs. 3 and 4 are respectbe of any desired construction, and, as it is desirable to positively feed this upper electrode, I provide means whereby this may be done, and I have shown the carrier as sliding upon guide-rods 6, fixed to the case or frame of the lamp, and the carrier is also provided with an internal-screw-threaded opening, through which the screw-rod 7 passes and in which it turns to raise or lower the carrier on the rod 6. I have found it desirable to make 6o the carrier, or so much thereof as forms the internal screw-thread, of rawhide, as this material furnishes a strong thread for the screwshaft and requires no lubricant. In this way,

it will be seen,that I am enabled to move the upper or positive electrode with absolute accuracy and to maintain it in any position without danger of disturbing its position by shocks or jars or other disturbances which are especially incident to the use of such a 7o lamp on a locomotive.

In order to feed or move the positive electrode for the purpose of establishing or maintaining the arc, it is only necessary to rotate the screw-shaft 7 in the proper direction and 75 the electrode will be moved regularly, evenly, and positively, as required. This screw-rod 7 may be moved by many different devices; but I have shown one I have found to be very efficient, and in which the electro-magnet 8, 8o the coils of which are included in the mainline circuit passing through the arc, is located on the frame in any convenient position, and in suitable relation thereto is placed another electro-magnet 9, the coils of whichV are ineluded in a high-resistance shunt-circuit around the arc. These magnets are provided with extended pole-pieces 10 and 11, respectively, which in this instance are shown as extending toward each other, which will oper- 9c', ate upon armatures 12, which are mounted upon and carried by a frame 13, which is loosely mounted on the extension of the screwshaft 7. This frame is free to move on its axis when no current is on the lamp, and secured to and moving with the frame is a segment-piece 14, located above the gear-wheel 15, which is fixed upon the extension of the screw-shaft -7; also secured upon said extension is a rocking bar 1G, one cud of which carries a double roo pawl 17, which is wide enough to cover the teeth iu the gear-wheel 15 and to normally bear upon the periphery of thel segment 14, as shown in Fig. 4, and to the other end of this bar 1U is attached a link 1S, connected to a wrist-pin 10, eccentrically mounted upon the gear-wheel 20, which is continuously operated by some suitable power. Itwill thus be seen that the bar 16 is constantlj7 vibrated by the moving power, and when the lamp is in its normal position the segment 14 prevents the pawl from impinging upon the teeth of the gearl to operate it; but as soon as the frame 13 is moved in either direction by the magnets operating on the armature 12, connected thereto, the segment 14 will be moved to one side or the other the case maybe, so thatthe pawl 17 will impin ge upon one of the teeth of the wheel 15 and rotate the screw-shaft 7 in the desired direction and raise or lower the upper carbon. Of course the direction of motion imparted to the shaft 7 will depend upon the condition of the are between t-he electrodes-as, for instance, when the lamp is started the electrodes are supposed to be in contact, and the current flowing through the are, as shown in Fig. 7, passes through the coils of magnet 8 and energizes the same, so that the pole-pieces 10 exert their iniiuence upon the armatures 12 so as to move the frame 13 toward the left, and thus, carrying' the segment 14 with it, allows the pawl 17 to move the wheel 15 in a direction to raise the holder 5 to establish the arc, As the are is established and the resistance thereof increases, a portion of th e current is diverted through the high-resistance mag` net 9, and the pole-pieces 11 exert an influence on the armature and tend to restore the frame 13 to its normal position, and as long as the resistance of the are is normal the frame will be so held that the segment 14 will prevent the pawl17 from operating upon the gear-wheel 15 in either direction, and the upper electrode is held stationary and rigid, and is not liable to disturbances from shocks or jars; but as soon as the resistance of the arc increases, so that the effect of the current flowing through the shunt-magnet 9 overbalances the effect of the current flowing through main magnet 8, the frame 13 will swing to the right and the pawl17 will operate upon vthe gear 15 to move the screwshaft7 in a direction to feed the electrodes toward each other.

It will thus be seen that at all times the electrodes are held and'maintained steadily in their proper positions, and that the feed to establish or maintain the are is positive, and at the rsame time exceedingly sensitive, so that a slight variation in the normal resistance of the are will be felt in the magnets, and the mechanism operated to immediately and positively adjust the electrodes to compensate for the disturbance.

InFigs. 8 and 9 I have illustrated a modified arrangement which embodies substantially the same principles, but in which the screw-shaft 7 is located at one side of the main frame 3 of the lamp mechanism. In these S is the main-line magnet and f) the shunt-magnet, and 12 the armatures mounted on the fra-me 13, as before. rlhis frame 13, however, instead of being mounted upon an extension of the screw-shaft 7, is separately pivoted in the frame 3 upon a shaft 21, to the end of which is attached a segment 22, gearing with a segmental gear 23, loosely mounted upon the extension of the shaft7 and connected to the segmental plate 14, arranged above the gear-wheel 15, secured to the screwshaft 7. The rocking bar 16 in this instance is loosely mounted upon the extension of the screw-shaft and carries a projecting arm 24, supporting the pawl 17, and is operated as before by the link 1S, connected to the wristpin 19 upon the motor-wheel 20.

In both embodiments of my invention l have shown the gear-wheel arranged in a compartment formed in the bottom of the main frame, and this is provided with a suitable inlet 25, through which oil maybe introduced, and the gear part of the mechanism may revolve in this body of oil.

lVhile I may make use of any well-known structure or material for anegativc electrode, I prefer to use one which is practically nonconsuming, and which may be made as illustratedin Fig. 10, and consists, essentially, of a shell 30, of copper, having an openingl in its end and inclosing a piece of carbon 32, which is pressed upward against the opening by a spring 33 and follower 34. By thus inclosing` the carbon very little if any of it will be consumed, and in using a current of comparatively low electro-motive force a portion of the carbon from the positive electrode will be carried to and deposited upon the copper of the negative electrode, and the carbon 32 presented at the opening 31 thereof will tend to hold the deposited carbon in place, as well as to maintain the are at all times in the center of the electrode, and I have found by this arrangement a much larger and steadier light is maintained with a given strength of current than in the ordinary carbons as generally used; and it will readily be seen that by properly adjusting' the negative electrode in the focus of the refiector, as shown in Fig. 11, the arc is constantlymaintained in the focus thereof without adjustment.

In Fig. 11 I have shown one way of arranging my lamp in connection with the reflector' of a locomotive or other head-light, and it will be seen that no change is necessary in the reflector from that ordinarily used. The electric-lamp frame is mounted upon a brace or stand 40, which supports the reflector 41, and is held thereon by suitable attachments, and the positive electrode extends through the upper opening in the reflector usually made for the passage of the chimney of the IOO IIO

ordinary lamp, while the lower or negative electrode is fitted into the burner 43 of the oil-lamp and suitably ,connected in the circuit, so that at all times the ordinary oil-lamp is in position to be lighted.

I have shown one construction of lamp in which 60 is the wick of the Argand burner; 6l, the spider-frame having openings 36 for the passage of the air; 30, the negative-electrode carrier, which is expanded so as to act as the usual flame-spreader or button of the burner; and 62 is the burner-cap, of thin metal, which serves to hold the glass chimney in place when used.

By simply removing the chimney and the cap 62 and inserting the upper electrode 4 the lamp maybe changed so as to use electricity, the negative electrode and oil-burner remaining in position :in the focus of the reflector.

As before stated, I may make use of any suitable motor for operating the driving-gear 20; but I have found an electric motor such as I am about to describe of special advantage for use in this connection, in that it requires very little current to propel it and it is regular and comparatively slow in its movements. This motor consists, essentially, of the field-magnets 40, having polar projections 4l, between which rotates an armature composed, essentially, of two non-magnetic disks 42, as of copper, upon which are mounted a series of magnetic bars 43, five being shown in the present instance; and attached to the shaft of the armature is a commutator 44, consisting of a disk 45 of conducting material, having a number of portions 46 of insulating material corresponding to the number of magnetic bars 43. This motor is shown in the diagram constituting Fig. 7 as included in a shunt around the lamp, and the fieldmagnets are wound with parallel wires in the manner indicated, so that the current entering, for instance, at the plus pole passes through the coils 47 to the conductor 48 and by the brush 49 through the disk 45 to the brush 50, and thence by the Wire 51 through the coils 52 to the point 53, and thence through the coils 54 to the minus pole. It will thus be seen that under these conditions the upper magnet 40 is energized while the lower magnet is neutral, the current passing through the parallel coils thereof in opposite directions. As soon, however, as the commutator rotates, so that the brush`49 bears upon an insulated portion thereof, the current from the plus pole will pass through the coils 47 to the point 56, and thence through the coils 56 in the opposite direction, and by the conductor 5l to the brush 50, thence through the commutator-plate 45 to the brush 57, and through the coils 54 to the minus pole, the coils 52 of this latter magnet being out of circuit, and the lower magnet 40 is therefore energized and operates in turn upon the armature.

Vhile I have thus described and illustrated one embodiment of my invention, it will be understood that I am not limited to the precise construction and arrangement shown and described, as it is evident these may be varied in many ways, and that parts of my invention may be used together with the others, or separately in combination with other equivalent devices.

l. The combination, with a casing inclosing the operative parts of the mechanism, of a fixed electrode, a carrier supporting a movable electrode, guide -rods mounted on the casing and passing through said carrier, a propelling-screw operating said carrier, a constantly-operated motor inclosed in the casing, a vibrating bar carrying a pawl for driving said screw, and electro-magnets also inclosed in the casing for controlling the operation of said pawl, substantially as described.

2. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination, with a movable electrode, of a motor for propelling the same, electro-magnets controlling the operation of the motor, and gear-connections between the motor and the shaft, the said gear-connections being located in a separate `compartment of the case or frame, whereby they may be lubricated without affecting the electrical apparatus, substantially as described.

3. In an electric lamp, a non-consuming negative electrode consisting of a shell of copper having a small perforation at its closed end, and a carbon inclosed in the case, substantially as described.

4. In an electric-arc lamp, a non-consuming` negative electrode consisting of a shell of copper havin g a small perforation at its closed end, a block of carbon inclosed in said case, and a spring-support for maintaining the carbon in position, substantially as described.

5. In a head-light, the combination, with an electric lamp having a movable positive electrode and an ordinary oil-lamp, a separate negative electrode mounted on the burner of the oil-lamp, substantially as described.

6. The combination, in a head-light, of a reflector, an electric lamp having a movable positive electrode fastened through the upper orifice of the reflector, an ordinary oil-lamp, and a separate negative electrode mounted in the burner of the oil-lamp, substantially as described.

7. In a head-light, the combination of the reflector, an electric lamp mounted upon a standard supporting the reflector and having a moving positive electrode passing througn the upper orifice of the reflector, a motor for moving said electrode positively to establish and maintain the arc, an ordinary oil-lamp, and a fixed non-consuming electrode supported in the burner of the oil-lamp, substantially as described.

8. In an electric-arc lamp, the combination, with a movable electrode and a screw-shaft for propelling the same, of an electric motor IOO IIO

arranged in a shunt around the lamp, a Conf In testimony whereof I have signed my Stantly-vibrated arm operated by the motor, name to this speoioation in the presence of 1o a pawl carried by the arm, an eleetrounagnet two subscribing Witnesses.

in the main circuit of the lamp controlling` the operation of the pawl to establish the are, J AREA F. SHAWHA'N. and another eleetromlagnet in a shunt around Witnesses: the lamp controlling the operation of the pawl \VEBSTER W. SHUEY,

to regulate the are, substantially as described. T. BEN. CARPENTER. 

